L-Tyrosine

March 11, 2018 Supplements ingredients

L-Tyrosine
L-tyrosine (C9H11NO3, symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. It is a non-essential amino acid with a polar side group. Its codons are UAC and UAU. The word "tyrosine" is from the Greek tyros, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in the protein casein from cheese. It is called tyrosyl when referred to as a functional group or side chain. While tyrosine is generally classified as a hydrophobic amino acid, it is more hydrophilic than phenylalanine.

L-tyrosine is another amino acid that plays an essential role in the creation of dopamine and noradrenaline, two neurotransmitters that also support mental alertness and focus. This allows the substance to reduce the brain damage and other bodily harm associated with stress and fatigue while enhancing focus, giving it its role in many nootropic substances.

A number of studies have found tyrosine to be useful during conditions of stress, cold, fatigue, prolonged work and sleep deprivation, with reductions in stress hormone levels, reductions in stress-induced weight loss seen in animal trials, and improvements in cognitive and physical performance seen in human trials.

Tyrosine does not seem to have any significant effect on cognitive or physical performance in normal circumstances, but does help sustain working memory better during multitasking.
Industrial synthesis

L-tyrosine and its derivatives (L-DOPA, melanin, phenylpropanoids, and others) are used in pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, and food additives. Two methods were formerly used to manufacture L-tyrosine. The first involves the extraction of the desired amino acid from protein hydrolysates using a chemical approach. The second utilizes enzymatic synthesis from phenolics, pyruvate, and ammonia through the use of tyrosine phenol-lyase.

Supplements with L-Tyrosine:

References

  1. GDR, H. BIELKA, N. SHARON, and EC WEBB Australia. “NOMENCLATURE AND SYMBOLISM FOR AMINO ACIDS AND PEPTIDES.”
  2. The Best Supplements: “The Supplements with L-Tyrosine“, TBS Ingredient ID (TBSI ID): IS27AC40, 2019.
  3. Douglas Harper (2001). Tyrosine. Online Etymology Dictionary.
  4. Wikipedia, Tyrosine: Tyrosine.

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